| Genealogical research is largely based on names—but what is the origin of names—surnames, first names and place names. A knowledge of their derivation and how they are connected affords an increased understanding of the genealogical research process. You will constantly be reminded of the inter-relationship of the names of places and people. You will also find references to the inter-connected naming of many things—as diverse as buildings, festivals and special days—all of which have some bearing on the search for a family''s history.
Course Content
Module 1
Introduction
• Interrelationships of Naming Practices
• Spelling
• Introduction to Orthography
• Normal Spelling Variation
• Types of Variations
• Change Over Time
• Phonetics & Spelling
• Abbreviation of Compound Surnames
• Misreading Poor Writing
• Mishearing by the Clerk
• Strategy for Research
• Spelling Groupings on Indexes
• International Genealogical Index
• Old Parochial Registers (OPR) of Scotland
• Foreign Alphabets
• 1880-1881 Census Indexes
• Spelling & Pronunciation in Documents
Module 2
Surnames
• What Is a Surname?
• Derivation of Surnames
• Location Names
• Topographical Surnames
• Habitational Surnames
• Regional & Ethnic Surnames
• Foundlings with Location Names
• Occupational Names
• Trade Surnames
• Rank or Status Surnames
• Nicknames
Patronymics
• English Patronymics
• Patronymics from Pet Names & Diminutives
• Scottish Patronymics
• Irish Patronymics
• Welsh Patronymics
• Scandinavian Patronymics
• Patronymic Affixes
• Researching with Patronymics
• Indexing Patronymic Names
• Danish IGI
• Welsh IGI
• Parish Register Technique for Patronymics
Module 3
Polygenetic Surnames
• Teague
• Horn, Horner
• Extra Differentiating Surnames
• English By-Names
• Scottish 'Tee Names' or 'Teetles'
• Canadian 'Styling'
• Welsh By-Names
• Aliases
• Surname Changes
• Change by Choice
• Legal Means of Changing a Name
• Retention of Maiden Surname
• To Escape A Previous Life or Evade the Law
• To Avoid Persecution During Conflicts
• To Gain an Inheritance or Title
• Stage Names & Noms-de-Plume
• Unique Circumstances
• Change by Circumstance
• Adoption
• Women's Surname Change at Marriage
• Immigration
• Illegitimacy & Later Marriage of Parents
• Common-law Marriages
• Apprentices
• Differentiation of People & Families
• Swedish Army Names
• Replacing Common Surnames
• Errors in Records
• Homes of British Surnames
• English Surnames
• Scots Surnames
• Scottish Location (Territorial) Surnames
• Scottish Patronymics
• Scottish Occupational Surnames
• Scottish Nicknames
• Welsh Surnames
• Why Are There So Few Welsh Surnames?
• Irish Surnames
• Cornish Surnames
• Manx Surnames
• Jewish Surnames
• Gypsy Surnames
• Working With Surnames
• Which is the surname?
• Did Your Name Come with the Conqueror?
• The Evidence
• The Men
• The Families Descending from Them
• Other Surnames from France
• Descent from Earlier Anglo-Saxons & Celts
• Pedigree Bibliographies
• Surname Dictionaries
• Surnames in Latin or Abbreviated?
• One-Name Studies
• Surname Frequency
• Geographical Distribution
• A Study in Welsh Surname Distribution
• The Surname—Father Link
• No Surname
Module 4
Given Names
• Basic Indo-European Naming System
• Sources of Given Names
• Origin of Our Set of Given Names
• Meaning of Names
• Religious Names
• Old Testament
• New Testament
• Another Testament
• Saints Names
• Religious Leaders
• Royal & Aristocratic Names
• Traditional Celtic Names
• Influence of Modern Culture
• Literature
• Film & TV
• Music
• Use of Surnames as Given Names
• Other Sources of Given Names
• Precious Stones & Flowers
• Virtues
• Slogan Names
• Place Names
• Diminutives
• Feminized Versions
• Latin Versions of Given Names
• Battles, Heroes & Royal Events
• Incidents at Birth
• Rank & Status Given Names
• Gypsy Given Names
• Black Given Names
• Reasons for Choice of Names
• Fashion & Respectability
• Social Class Association
• Euphony
• Initials
• Surname Influences
• Originality
• Associated Characteristics
• Nationality
• Scottish Given Names
• Irish Given Names
• Welsh Given Names
• German Given Names
• Nickname Considerations
• Sibling Influence
• Family Tradition
• Gender Non-specific Names
• Middle Names
• Mistaken Names
• Foundlings
• Change of Given Name
• Non-Names
• Given Name Indexes
Module 5
Place Names
• Jurisdictional Names in Genealogy
• Names Ancient & Modern
• Civil & Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions
• Hierarchy of Jurisdictions
• Gazetteers & Maps
• They Were Born Where?
• Etymology of Place Names
• Sources of Place Names
• Landmarks
• Prehistoric Features
• Boundaries & Meeting Places
• Watery Places
• Animals in Place Names
• Plants in Place Names
• People in Place Names
• Personal Names
• Occupations in Place Names
• The Languages Used in Place Names
• Old British Place Names
• Roman Place-Names
• Latin Words in English Place Names
• Germanic/Anglo-Saxon Place Names
• Scandinavian Place Names
• Norman French Place Names
• Comparison of Introduced Names
• A Gallimaufry of Place Names
• Field Names
• Street Names
• How Streets Are Named
• Street Names Abolished & Altered
• No Roads in the City of London!
• Inn Names
• Oddly Named Places
Module 6
A Miscellany of Names
• Cockney Rhyming Slang
• Eponyms
• Things Names After People
• Things Names after Places
• Relationships & Forms of Address
• Names for Days
• Saints' Days
• Strays
• 'Suitable' Occupations
Appendix 1
• English Hundreds, Liberties, Wapentakes & Wards
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
• Topographical Glossary
Further Reading
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